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发表于 2008-1-16 23:41:25
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日语的特点
日语基本的发音有50个假名,叫做五十音图。日语的单词都是由这些发音组成,只要学会了50音图,所有的单词就都会读了。日语的发音没有发音强弱的差别,只有发音的高低变化。
The Japanese basic pronunciation has 50, is called 50 sounds charts.
Japanese word all is composed by these pronunciation, so long as has learned 50 sounds charts, all words could read.
Japanese pronunciation has not pronounced the strong and the weak difference, only has the height change.
日语的character组成比较复杂,我可以用一个例子来说明日语的character。
Japanese character composition quite is complex, I may use an example to explain Japanese character.
これは日本語のテキストです。
平假名Hiraganaひらがな
是日文中汉字读音的基本单位,和汉语拼音的作用有点相似。
Is in the Japanese pronunciation fundamental unit, is a little similar with Chinese Pinyin function.
这个句子中的“これは”、“の”、“です”就是平假名。
In this sentence "こ れ は", "の", "で す" is the hiragana.
平假名是日语中很重要的一部分,它可以直接构成单词,
The hiragana is in Japanese a very important part, it may the direct plotting word,
如例中的“これ”就是“这”的意思(相当于英语中的“this”);の是“的”的意思,最后的“です”表判断,也就是“是”的意思。
If in example "こ れ" is "this" the meaning (is equal in English "this"); のis "of" meaning, final "で す"express judgement , also is "is" meaning.
平假名也可以充当句子中的其它无具体意思的成份,如例中的“は”就是一个助词,用来分隔“これ”(这)和“日本语”。
The hiragana also may act as in the sentence other not concrete meaning ingredient, in the example "は" is an auxiliary, uses for to separate "こ れ" (this) and "the Japanese language".
片假名Katakana
“テキスト”是片假名。片假名和平假名是一一对应的,读音相同,只是写法不同,你可以把它理解成英语中大写字母和小写字母的差别(但他们并不一是一回事,只是为了方便你的理解)。片假名主要用来构成西方外来语及其它一些特殊词汇。如例中的“テキスト”(发音“太K丝头”)的意思是“课本”,就是从英语单词“text”音译过来的。
"テ キ ス ト" is the katakana. The katakana and hiragana is correspondences, pronunciation same, only is the mode of writing is different, you may understand it in English the capital letter and the lowercase letter difference (but they certainly one are not a matter, only is for facilitate your understanding).
The katakana mainly uses for to constitute the western loan word and other some special glossaries.
If in example "テ キ ス ト" the meaning is "the textbook", is "text" transliterates from English word.
汉字 例中的“日本语”是汉字。In the Chinese character example "the Japanese language" is a Chinese character.
汉字是很早以前由中国传入的。
The Chinese character was very early before spread from China.
日语中有很多汉字,写法与中国的汉字一样,可是读音,意思不同。
In Japanese has very many Chinese characters, the mode of writing and China's Chinese character is same, but the pronunciation and the meaning is different.
例如这个句子的“”就是“日语”的意思了,但它的发音却不是中文发音了。
For example this sentence "日本语" is "Japanese" meaning, but its pronunciation was not Chinese pronounced.
在这里,“日本语”的发音就是假名 “にほんご”。
In here, the pronunciation of"に ほ ん ご" is hiragana。
罗马字 日语中的每个假名相对应的都有一个“罗马字”, 例如。。。。
In Roman character ロマジ
In Japanese each hiragana has corresponds "the Roman character",
for example. . . .
罗马字一般不在句子中使用。经常用于输入电脑时使用,或者为外国人学习日语时使用。
The Roman character generally does not use in the sentence. Frequently uses when inputs word in the computer, or for the foreigner studies Japanese uses.
有些单词组成比较复杂,一般用汉字和两种假名混合书写,有时还夹杂罗马字。
Some words composition quite is complex, generally with the Chinese character and two kind of gana mix writing, sometimes also mixes with the Roman character.
日语中有很多单词,和中国的汉字是一样的,但是读音完全不一样。意思有的一样有的也不一样。这对于我们中国的学生来说是有时是方便的,有时又会又很多麻烦。
In Japanese has very many words, with Chinese character is same, but the pronunciation is completely dissimilar. The meaning is sometimes similar. This characteristic for our China's students in some times is convenience, in sometimes have very many trouble。
当我们看一篇日语文章时即使不知道所有的单词意思,我们通过汉字也可以了解意思,但有时也会有一些错误,因为相同的汉字也会有完全不同的意思,例如。。。。
When we read a Japanese article even if did not know all word meaning, we also can understand the meaning through the Chinese character, but sometimes also can have some mistakes, because the same Chinese character also can have the completely different meaning, for example . . . .
日语的词汇由四部分构成。1,日本固有的“和语”。2,引进中国的“汉字”。3,引自欧美的“外来语”。4,复合组成的“混合语”。 在日常生活中,“和语”的使用率高,而在报纸杂志等书面语里,“汉语”的数量大于“和语”。科技词汇中“外来语”相对较多。
Japanese vocabulary constitutes by four parts
the Japanese words called wago,(uses in daily life,46.9%),
the words origine from China called kanji (40%),
the words form European called gairaigo (both of them use in newspapers and maginzes),
and the mixed words(uses in science).
在日语中,和语占46,9%,汉语占40%,外来语占10,1%,其他3%。
The words from forigeners makes up of 10.1%,the rest is 3%. |
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