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1．计算机文化基础(Basic computer operation)
该课程的内容主要是面向数值计算方面的程序设计语言，如BASIC语言等，科主要学习计算机基础知识、Windows平台、Office常用软件及网络基本应用
This course mainly concerns the programming languages, e.g. BASIC. Through this course, i have mastered the basic computer operation, i.e. the operation of Windows, the using of Office-related software (word, excel, powerpoint) and the Internet.
2．马克思主义哲学 (Philosophy of Marxism)
本课程主要是对大学生进行辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义基本原理的教育，学习毛泽东和邓小平哲学思想，帮助学生掌握马克思主义的世界观和方法论，树立马克思主义的人生观和价值观，学会运用马克思主义世界观、方法论观察和分析问题，为学生确立建设有中国特色社会主义的理想信念、自觉坚持党的基本理论、基本路线和基本纲领打下扎实的哲学理论基础。
The main contents of this course include the fundamental doctrines of dialectical materialism and historical materialism. Besides, we have also learned the philosophical thoughts of Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping. This course intends to help us grasp the Marxist worldview and methodology, through which we will observe and analyze all kinds of practical phenomena.
3．物流学(Logistics)
物流是指商品在生产、流通、服务过程中所发生的时间空间变化，通过物流活动，可以创造物质资料的时间价值和场所价值，最有效地完成资源配置。现代物流成为了计算机技术、网络通信技术、机电控制技术、管理学、经济学等综合性研究应用领域，成为了企业的“第三利润源泉”。我们主要学习了物流信息管理方面的基本理论和基本知识。
Logistics refers to the temporal and spacial changes in the process of commodity production, circulation and service. Through logistics, the temporal and spacial value of material is created. Meanwhile, the most effective arrangement of resources is achieved. Modern logistics has become an all-round theoretical and practical field in which the branches of computer technology, internet communication technology, business administration and economy are all involved, which has made it “a third benefit source”of enterprises. We have learned the fundamental doctrines and basic theories of logistics.
4．商品学(product)
商品学是以研究商品为对象的一门学科。商品学内容包括三个组成部分：商品学基础理论、商品学应,用部分和商品大类。课程内容以商品质量为中心，主要介绍商品使用价值理论、商品质量、商品检验与评价、商品分类、商品包装、商品质量保持等理论和应用技术，介绍各大类商品的组成、性能、鉴别选购等适用性知识和技能，
The object of this course is product. It consists of three components: fundamental theory, the application of aforementioned theory and the information of various products. The contents of this course center on the quality of product, which includes besides it the theory of using value of product, product test and appraisal, product classification, product packing and the maintenance of product quality. Furthermore, we have also learned the practical knowledge of components, performance and differentiation of the main kinds of products.
5．法律基础(general introduction of law)
律基础是一门面向全体大学生的公共基础课，它以邓小平依法治国理论和中共“十五”大精神为指导，着重以培养学生的法律意识、提高学生的法律素质、完善学生的知识结构为出发点
This course comprehensively introduces the positive legal system of china. By this I have gotten a basic understanding of the operation of Chinese main institutions.
6．大学物理( physics of university students)
基本物理理论
We have just learned some very elementary physical theory without further pursuit.
7．财政学(finance)
财政学是研究以国家为主体的财政分配关系的形成和发展规律的学科。财政学可按财政分配的主体分为：资本主义财政学、社会主义财政学，以及对各个国家财政制度进行比较研究的比较财政制度学等。
按财政分配的内容可分为：国家预算学、国家税收学、企业财务学、公债学、固定资产投资学等。
按财政发展的进程可分为：财政史、税制史、公债史，以及研究各个历史时期理财思想的财政思想史等。
It is a discipline that introduces the formation and development of financial distribution relationship with the state as the main role. According to the financial distribution subject, this course can be divided into capitalist finance, socialist finance and comparative financial institutions. As far as the contents of financial distribution are concerned, it consists of State budget, State revenue, enterprise finance, national debt and capital asserts investment. It can also be differentiated into the history of finance, history of tax system, history of national debt and the history of financial thought.
8.概率(probability theory)
概率论与数理统计是一门专门研究和探索客观世界中随机现象的科学. 这门课程内容包括概率论的基本概念,随机变量及其分布,多维随机变量,随机变量的数字特征,大数定律与中心极限定理等概率论基础知识,及样本分布,参数估计与假设检验等数理统计基础知识.
Probability theory and mathematical statistics is a discipline with the stochastic processes and fields as its central contents. It includes the basic concepts of probability, stochastic variable and its distribution, multidimensional stochastic variable, the mathematical characteristics of stochastic variable, laws of large number and central limit theorem thereof concerning probability theory, and sampling distributions, parameter estimation and hypothesis testing thereof concerning mathematical statistics.
9.毛泽东思想(Thoughts of Mao Zedong)
毛泽东关于中国新民主主义革命、社会主义革命和建设的重要理论成果及论述。
It can be agreed that modern Chinese political thoughts in a great measure is that of Mao Zedong, which mainly consists of the theory of New Democratic Revolution, the theory socialist revolution and building. By this course, i have learned the main thoughts of Mao Zedong of this aspect.
10.会计学(accounting)
 要学习会计、审计和工商管理方面 基本理论和基本知识，受到会计方法与技巧方面的基本训练。研究会计的原理、原则。
 按照会计的目的划分
财务会计和管理会计
 按照组织的性质划分
企业会计和行政、事业会计
 按照会计对象的范围划分
宏观会计和微观会计
学习了借贷平衡的计算。
The main contents of this course are composed of fundamental theories of accounting, auditing and business administration. I have experienced the basic training of accounting methods and skills. I can work out the balancing point of debit and credit. This course can also be made into different subdivisions according to different criterions. For example, the classification of financial accounting and management accounting is according to the aim of accounting. Based on the character of organization, it can be divided into enterprise accounting and government accounting. Besides, it can also be divided into macro-accounting and micro-accounting .
11.证券理论投资( stock investment theory)
我们是应用了一个软件的，进入模拟的股票市场中，关注每天的股市变动，相应作出投资和撤资，根据最后的利润所得，计算成绩
We were taught the skills of stock investment by an interesting method, that is, through a special software, we were put into a simulative stock market. By this mean , i have learned how to observe the wave of stock market and accordingly to invest or withdraw and by the end to calculate the achievement.
12.金融学（国际金融）Finance(international finance)
金融包括货币、时间、预期收益三大要素。金融的三大要素一方面构成了开放的、丰富的、不断创新的资金流通活动，另一方面也带来了币值、利率、有价证券价格此起彼伏的金融风险。
国际收支和国际收支、外汇与汇率、国际储备、国际货币体系与国际金融组织、国际结算
Finance is composed of three main components: currency, time and anticipated benefit. The three components are the essential of an opening and creative monetary circulation. Nevertheless, they also caused the potential financial risks of valuta, interest rate and stock price.
This course also concerns international finance which includes international payment, foreign exchange, international reserve, international monetary system and financial organization, international settlements.
13.运筹学(operational research)
线性规划、单纯形法、西北角法、 最大优化法，最短距离法。
The main contents of this course include linear programming, simplex arithmetic.
14、统计学（statistics）
抽样调查，问卷设计，统计调查和科学实验
Through this course, I have grasped the skills of spot checking, questionnaire devising, statistic checking and scientific experimenting.
15．公共关系学(public relations)
主要学的是现代公共关系学，主要是公众导向。社会组织以公众导向观念指导自己的行为，就是要求社会组织中的一切工作都要从公众的利益出发，并以满足公众的需求为目标。
In a great degree, individual behavior is guided or affected by the public opinions. So this course tells us: public interest should be the guidance of all what we will do. Every member of the society should make the public needs as one of his goals.
16当代世界经济与政治(modern world economy and politics)
80年代末以来世界三大区域经济集团化加快发展，和平与发展”取代“战争与革命”成为当今朝代的两大主题。维护和平是当今世界的根本问题。促进发展是当今世界的核心问题。
Through this course, I have gotten a macro－understanding of the state of modern world economy and politics. The basic conclusions are compatible with Chinese official judgment on world situation. That is, the tendency of economical globalization is becoming more and more obvious, peace and development have become the two main topics of modern times. How to keep peace and development is the central concern of the whole world.
17．经济法 (economic law)
This is a branch of the discipline of legal study. Its central goal is to deal with the relationships between government and market by the means of law. On one hand we should keep the autonomy of market as possible as we can, on the other hand the government also should use the visible hand to correct the market failure.
18营销实习(marketing)
关于一个超市的选址，展开实习，基本上是以问卷形势进行的。问卷上的问题基本上包括：你对超市服务要求，交通要求及规模要求。
I have made some practice on marketing. With the help of questionnaire, I have learned the main considerations of supermarket location. These considerations include the requirements of service, traffic and size.
19．商务谈判(business negotiation)
学习了一些谈判技巧，比如通过穿着或者说话，可以知道对方的地位之类的。马拉松式：意思是有意拖长谈判时间，消磨对方耐性，使对方放弃立场。张声势：做卖方时开出最高价，做买方时还以最低价。
Through this course, I have mastered some basic skills of negotiation. For example, making a elementary judgment about your rival from his or her dress and talking. Try to make your rival accept your offer by appropriate delay.
20．电子商务实习(electronic commerce)
用电子货币在网上买东西。
This course teaches us how to trade online with electronic currency.
21．市场调查与预测(market research and prediction)
方法：1、市场典型调查
2、等距随机抽样
3、主观概率
4、移动平均市场预测法
最主要我们学习的是德菲尔法，其作法是，在对所要预测的问题征得专家的意见之后，进行整理、归纳、统计，再匿名反馈给各专家，再次征求意见，再集中，再反馈，直至得到稳定的意见。其过程可简单图示如下：
匿名征求专家意见——归纳、统计——匿名反馈——归纳、统计……，若干轮后，停止。专家人数的多少，可根据预测课题的大小和涉及面的宽窄而定，一般不超过20人
There are many methods for market research and prediction. The main three of these methods are: standard market research, random sample, subjective probability. We have mainly learned The Delphi Method. The process consists of the following steps: Firstly, the researchers collect the opinions of experts on the research subject. Secondly, they analyze these opinions. Then the analysis will be returned to the experts anonymously. These steps may be repeated many times until some agreements are achieved. The number of experts is determined by the degree of complexity which will be limited with 20.
22．管理信息系统(management information system)
主要学的理论，管理信息系统（MIS）是用系统思想建立起来的，以电子计算机为基本信息处理手段，以现代通讯设备为基本传输工具，且能为管理决策提供信息服务的人机系统。应用于公司管理当中，可以减少劳动力的支出
The main goal of MIS is to offer information service for management decision-making through the modern techniques of computer and telecommunication. Its application in corporation management can help to reduce the cost of labour force.
23．战略管理(strategy management)
像一下这些问题都属于战略管理
• 要不要上“小灵通”？
• 中国联通的移动通信的技术路线：GSM，GPRS，CDMA，3－G？
• 宽带网如何建：ADSL or ETHERNET？
企业战略管理的关键是如何确立企业的竞争优势，这就要根据企业的具体情况来制定。
The crucial point of enterprise strategy management is how to attain the competitive predominance. This will be determined according to the circumstance of individual enterprises.
24．税收(taxation)
学习了一些税收的计算方法，比如计算工资税等。中国社会主义税收理论是以马克思主义税收理论为依据，在批判“无税论”和“非税论“的基础上逐渐建立起来的
This course introduces the tax system and tax collection of china. I have mastered the basic taxation calculating methods.
25．信息检索(information search)
如何应用图书馆的计算机，进行图书检索。
I can skillfully search the necessary information of my study with the help of computer.
27．国际经济与合作(international economy and economic cooperation)
本着和平共处5项原则，进行国际间的友好贸易。竞争——国际经济的主旋律，合作——经济全球化的迫切呼唤，中国积极参与国际经济的竞争与合作
This course introduces Chinese official policies about international economic cooperation.
28．人力资源管理(human resources management)
就是要将企业现有的全部人员，甚至包括可能利用的企业外的人力最为统一的系统加以规划，制定恰当的选拔培养，任用，调配，激励等政策，达到增加企业财富的目的。
The importance of human resources has been more and more realized. The contents of human resources management include the systematic arrangement of the personnel, suitable policies of recruitment, training and encouragement with the aim of increasing profits.
29．保险(insurance)
学了一些保险的基本概念，比如什么是保险金额，什么是保险人等等
I have learned the operation of insurance system.
31财务管理(financial management)
企业筹资的方式（国家财政资金，居民个人资金等），什么是资金成本，如何进行证券投资（根据企业经营管理情况的分析，利率分析，国民经济形势的分析）
The main contents of this course concern the method of Capital Collection including national financial capital and individual capital. Besides, it also introduces the skills of stock investment according to interest rate and national economy situation.
32．消费心理学(consumer psychology)
学习了消费需求，消费者的价格心理，储蓄心理，以及广告对消费者产生的作用。
This course mainly introduces the theory of consumer demand from the point of psychology which includes their price psychology, saving psychology and the effect of advertisement.
33．国际贸易实务(international commerce)
学习了L/C(letter of credit) 、D/P（documents against payment） 、 D/A（documentsagainstacceptance） 三种支付方式。学习了FCA（free carrier）费用和风险要由买方承担。FOB(free on board)买方承担拿到货物后一切费用和风险。CFR（cost and freight）,适用于水上运输，卖方承担运费买方承担风险。学习了支付工具，draft,promissory note,check..
This course introduces three main payment means: L/C(letter of credit),D/P(documents against payment),D/A(document against acceptance).Besides this ,I have also master the necessary INCOTERMS, i.e. FCA(free carrier),FOB(free on board),CFR(cost and freight).
34.广告学
老师给我们放了很多经典的电视广告，比如耐克的，阿迪达斯的，还有歌德学院的。
Besides the fundamental theory of advertisement, we have learned a lot from many classical TV advertisements including that of nike and adidas.
35．西方经济学(economy)
宏观经济学： 国民收入决定论、经济周期论、货币与价格理论、宏观经济管理论等。
微观经济学：均衡价格理论、消费和生产的优选行为理论、市场理论、分配理论。
学过以企业理论为主的微观经济学和以宏观调控为主的宏观经济学，了解了中国的基本经济运作。
This course can be divided into two parts: macro-economy and micro-economy. The fist part consists of the theory of national income, theory of business cycle, theory of currency and price, theory of macro-economy management. The micro-economy include the theory of equilibrium price, theory of market and theory of distribution.
国际金融
International finance majors learn how money and credit flow between borders. We mainly learned:
1 Balance of payment. The balance of payments is a record of the changes in wealth resulting from financial transactions between the residents of the home country and foreign residents. It is a part of the national accounts of a country, which in total provide a record of national economic performance. The three main sections of the account are the current, financial and reserve account.
2 Exchange Rates, Interest Rates. In this part, we mainly learned :
1) how to measure the value of a currency , that is the exchange rate. The two basic exchange rates are direct rate and indirect rate. For direct rate, the formula is: number of home currency units . for example, for 1 unit of renminbi is x dollar. foreign currency. For indirect rate, the formula is: number of foreign currency units for 1 unit of home currency
2) the determination of exchange rates The exchange rate is decided in the financial market . the simple answer as to how an exchange rate is determined is to say that it is the rate that clears the market by equating the buyers and sellers
3) Government policies and exchange rates. Governments are one of the main “players” in the exchange market. They or their Central Banks may directly influence the exchange rate by using reserves of foreign currency. Controlling exchange rates can be seen as an important means of controlling inflation and interest rates.
3 International Financial Management. Its subjects are the same as national financial management, but treat them in a international context. These subjects include: Currency management, balance of payments, exporting and importing, tariff barriers ,capital controls, international institutions and international banking.
马克思主义政治经济学
Two basic statements by Marx are
• It is not the consciousness of men that determines their being, but, on the contrary, their social being that determines their consciousness. (Consciousness does not determine life; life determines consciousness.)
• In the social production of their life, men enter into definite relations that are indispensable and independent of their will, relations of production which correspond to a definite stage of development of their material productive forces. The sum total of these relations of production constitutes the economic structure of society, the real foundation, on which rises a legal and pollitical superstructure and to which correspond definite forms of social consciousness. The mode of production of material life conditions the social, political and intellectual life process in general. (the Preface to A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy 1859)
Economic and Political Theories
Supporting Marxism’s historical premises are its economic theories. Of central importance are the labor theory of value and the idea of surplus value. Marxism supposes that the value of a commodity is determined by the amount of labor required for its manufacture. The value of the commodities purchasable by the worker’s wages is less than the value of the commodities he produces; the difference, called surplus value, represents the profit of the capitalist. Thus the bourgeois class has flourished through exploitation of the proletariat. |
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